The reservation consists of more than 2 million acres, covers four counties, and includes six reservation communities and two Plains tribes with populations of more than 11,000. As an example, she described an isolated rural reservation established in 1851 by the Fort Laramie Treaty where she conducted her dissertation research. Further, mandatory boarding schools “led to the loss of traditional family practices, including parenting loss of identity, language, and traditions and a radical change in the role of the Native male.”īrockie said current living conditions continue to tell the story of the effect of those policies. These underresourced communities have encountered concerns around neighborhood safety, access to quality education, geographic isolation, and increased morbidity and mortality. Those living on reservations experienced concentrated poverty, food deserts, employment deserts, and intergenerational poverty. The adverse effects of these policies were great, said Brockie. To better understand the severity of this demographic collapse, she outlined policies that contributed to the assault on cultural identity and health of Native populations, including the Indian Appropriation Act (1851–1880) and the Mandatory Boarding School Era (1878–1920). Focusing on historical trauma as experienced by Native Americans in the United States, Brockie began by stating that 95 percent of people indigenous to the present-day United States died during colonization.
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